Fish survive in winter by making long migrations to spawn. An informative video based on JoePK‘s experiences spearfishing and bass fishing.
As winter’s chill envelops our waters, have you ever wondered where fish retreat during these colder months? In the insightful video “Where do fish go in winter?” seasoned spearfisher Joe Pike delves into the migratory patterns of fish during winter, sharing personal experiences from years of spearfishing and bass fishing. This video offers valuable knowledge for spearfishers aiming to understand fish behaviour in winter, enhancing your ability to locate and catch your target species.
Spearfishing in the UK offers a diverse and exciting challenge for both experienced spearfishermen and beginners alike. The country’s unique coastal environments, from the cooler waters of Scotland to the more temperate shores of the south coast, host an array of fish species that can be targeted throughout the year. Understanding the seasons and how they influence marine life is crucial for planning successful spearfishing outings.
This guide breaks down the best times of year to target different species and offers insights into the UK’s varying marine conditions.
Lining up on a shoal of bass
Spring (March to May)
As the waters begin to warm up after winter, the coastal marine environment comes to life. Spring is a great time to begin targeting fish as many species move inshore to spawn or feed.
Grey Mullet (Chelon Labrosus): Right up in the shallows the mullet move in with the first calm sunny days in spring. Especially in the vicinity of estuaries, large spawning aggregations can be found and they will be full of roe until May. Mullet are a resilient fish and do not mind the cold, but they do seem to prefer feeding in the shallows when the waves and swell drop and the sun shines!
Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Bass begin moving into shallow kelp forests as early as late March. By May, their numbers increase significantly, especially along the southern and southwestern coasts. They are then abundant in shallow waters until November / December when they will trickle offshore to deeper water. Targeting bass during these months is highly rewarding as they come closer to shore, feeding on smaller fish and crustaceans. Although they can be found all year round, pay attention to the closed season which usually coincides with their spawning period over winter.
Two fine bass!
Pollock (Pollachius pollachius): Another springtime favourite, pollock are found near rocky areas and kelp forests. From March, they start moving closer to the coast, making them a prime target for spearos in the west and north of the UK. Larger examples tend to be found a bit deeper in around 15 to 20 meters of water, but double figure fish can be found in a kelp forest 3 meters deep! In winter, these fish move to offshore pinnacles and wrecks to breed.
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa): This flatfish species is often abundant in sandy, shallow areas in spring, especially in areas with good tidal flow. The waters off Sussex, Hampshire, and Norfolk are ideal hunting grounds during this period. Plaice can be thin in February and March, but by May and June time some lovely fat examples can be found.
Grace Patton with 7lb pollock
Summer (June to August)
Summer is the prime spearfishing season in the UK. The water temperatures rise, marine life is more active, and visibility often improves, especially in the south.
Grey Mullet (Chelon Labrosus): Grey Mullet can be found almost anywhere along the coast during summer, as the large schools break up and they spread along the coast feeding in the shallows on stringweed and gutweed.
Bass: Bass fishing reaches its peak in the summer months. Spearfishermen can find them just about anywhere on the coast patrolling rocky areas, kelpy reefs, stringweed forests and wrecks. Mid-summer bass tend to be more aggressive feeders, increasing your chances of landing a sizable catch.
Mackerel (Scomber scombrus): Mackerel migrate to the UK’s coastal waters in large schools from June onwards, making them an exciting and fast-moving target. Found in most UK waters, they are abundant around the southwest and along the Welsh coast.
Pollock: Pollock fishing is still strong during summer. Large examples often follow the mackerel shoals and sardines right inshore.
Red Mullet: A fish fit for an emperor, these beautiful striking red fish feed in sandy bays on summer evenings, but can be tricky to get near!
Grey Triggerfish: Once a rare sight, these days it is not unusual to bump into these weird and wonderful fish in the height of summer. They are most common on the west coast of Scotland, Ireland, Wales and Cornwall in areas of very rough ground, especially near mussel beds.
Plaice: Having fattened up on clams through the spring plaice are great to target in the summer months on the fringes of kelp beds on the sand or on cockle or mussel beds.
Black Bream: Black bream are nesting during spring so we must avoid spearing them then or the young may die, but during the summer months they are an exhilarating fish to hunt.
Gilthead Bream (Sparus aurata): Although these fish are a rare and highly prized catch for spearos, during the summer months they begin to turn up around sandy bays, stringweed forests and in the tidal races off headlands. They especially like beaches where there are lots of mussels growing on the rocks!
Autumn is a transitional period in UK waters, but it can be an incredibly productive time for spearfishing, particularly for those targeting species that remain active as the water cools.
Bass: As temperatures cool, bass remain an excellent target, especially during September and October. They are often found close to shore, preparing for winter by feeding heavily on baitfish.
Grey Mullet:Mullet are plentiful along the southern coasts in the early autumn months. They are commonly found around estuaries, harbors, and rocky shorelines. These fish are known for their skittish nature, so patience and stealth are essential. “Mullet are some of the trickiest fish to spear in UK waters. Their keen sense of danger and rapid movement make them a challenge for even experienced spearos.” – UK Spearfishing Association
Flatfish (Solea solea, Pleuronectes platessa): Both sole and plaice are active in autumn, especially in shallower waters. They can be found in sandy areas around the southern and eastern coasts of the UK, particularly around Sussex, Norfolk, and Kent. On the south west coast, they often move onto Mussel beds at this time of year.
Red Mullet: In the South West, Red Mullet numbers tend to peak during Autumn.
Pollock: Larger individuals seem to move closer to shore in the Autumn, with ten pound fish being a prized and delicious catch among spearfishers.
Gilthead Bream (Sparus aurata): Autumn is the best time to find gilthead bream, particularly in warmer southern waters like those off Cornwall and Devon. They are a tricky fish to find however; a rare but highly prized catch for spearos in the UK.
Winter (December to February)
Winter spearfishing in the UK is not for the faint-hearted, but it can be rewarding for those willing to brave the cold waters. Many species move offshore or become less active, but there are still opportunities to be had.
Cod (Gadus morhua): Winter is cod season. From November through February, cod migrate closer to the UK’s shores, particularly along the east coast, from Northumberland to East Anglia. These colder months are the best time to target large cod.
Flounder (Platichthys flesus): Flounder are another winter species worth targeting. Found in estuaries and sheltered bays, they become more active during colder months. The Bristol Channel and areas around the Solent are prime locations.
Whiting (Merlangius merlangus): Often overlooked by spearfishermen, whiting are abundant in the colder months. They can be found in large numbers off the east coast, particularly around Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
Essential Considerations for UK Spearfishing
Tidal Conditions and Visibility
Tides play a crucial role in spearfishing, especially in the UK where tidal ranges can be significant. A rising or high tide often brings fish closer to shore, increasing your chances of a successful outing. However, tidal surges can also impact visibility, particularly after storms or during spring tides. Always check the weather and tidal conditions before heading out to ensure safe and productive fishing. During neap tides, we tend to find the best visibility and smallest currents, which usually means a more successful and enjoyable hunt!
As a spearfisherman, it’s essential to be aware of Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) around the UK, which are designated to protect sensitive marine environments. Certain MCZs may have restrictions on fishing or spearfishing, so it’s crucial to research local regulations before planning your trip. Full information and MCZ maps.
Start Point Aspetto Wetsuit
Spearfishing Equipment Tips
The changing seasons in the UK also mean varying water temperatures, so ensuring you have the right wetsuit is key to a comfortable spearfishing experience. In spring and autumn, a 7 mm wetsuit is typically sufficient, while in summer, many spearos opt for a 5mm wetsuit. Winter spearfishing, however, demands thicker suits, with 7mm wetsuits more being necessary for enduring the cold.
Spearfishing in the UK is a year-round endeavour, provided you are prepared for the seasonal shifts in both species availability and marine conditions. By understanding what to target and when, you can plan your outings to maximise success and enjoyment, whether you’re after a bass in the height of summer or braving the winter cold for cod.
Fantastic fish dishes are found all throughout Gaza and the western coast of Palestine. The ingredients commonly used tend to compliment white flaky fish without overpowering the subtle natural flavours. The combination of garlic, lemon, chilli and coriander are staples in Mediterranean and Arabic cuisine and this fish dish really does taste as good as it looks.
Ingredients
Serves 4 Time: 30 minutes
800g Grey Mullet cleaned, gutted and de-scaled 1 Red Onion 1 Lemon 3 Cloves of Garlic 1 Medium Chilli 1 Medium Handful of Coriander 2 Tbsp of Olive Oil
Instructions
Pre heat the oven to 200 degrees celsius.
Whilst the oven is heating up, finely slice the red onion and add to a mixing bowl.
Roughly chop the garlic, chilli and coriander and mix with the onion. Add the lemon juice, olive oil, salt and pepper and combine well.
Lay the fish on a good sized baking tray and lightly score both sides every inch along the fish. Coat the fish with the mixture making sure to fill the main cavity and rub thoroughly onto the skin.
Put into the oven and reduce the heat down to 170 degrees celsius for 20 minutes.
Check that the meat can be pulled off the bone easily and serve with rice or salad and a yogurt dressing.
TIP: If working with different sized fish, it is recommended to give about 5 minutes for every 200g of fish.
Grey mullet is commonly found in the waters of the UK and Mediterranean and this rich yet delicate fish supports a variety of flavours and cooking methods. If unavailable, it can be replaced by other white flaky fish. This recipe combines the best of Arabic spices with some of the best Mediterranean produce. The crispy fragrant coating gives way to tender flakes and a fresh stuffing.
Ingredients
Serves 2 Time: 30 minutes
500g Responsibly Sourced Whole Mullet
The Rub: ½ Tsp Ground Cardaman ½ Tsp Ground Cloves ½ Tsp Ground Coriander Seeds ½ Tsp Ground Cumin ½ Tsp Ground Cinnamon ½ Tsp Ground Black Pepper ½ Tsp Sumac The Zest of 1 Lemon
The Stuffing: ½ Small Onion 2 Cloves of Garlic 1 Handful of Coriander 1 Tbsp Olive Oil
Instructions
Pre-heat the oven to 220 degrees celsius.
Mix all of the spices, salt and the lemon zest thoroughly in a bowl. Place the fish onto an oiled baking tray. Score the mullet to the bone at equal intervals on both sides along its body. Massage the mixture into the skin of the fish making sure to fill the score marks until the fish is well covered on both sides.
Finely chop the onion, garlic and coriander and stuff into the inside of the fish. Drizzle the fish with olive oil.
Place the fish in the centre of the oven for 15 minutes.
Serve with a great accompaniment such as a couscous salad or an array of roasted vegetables. Finish with a squeeze of lemon and a drizzle of olive oil.
The UK offers a variety of spearfishing spots, from the rugged coastlines of Scotland to the clear waters of Cornwall. Read our seasonal guide to spearfishing in the UK and then look below at some of the top locations for spearfishing:
1. Cornwall
Cornwall is renowned for its clear waters and abundant marine life, making it a popular destination for spearfishing. Key spots include:
Falmouth: Known for its sheltered waters and diverse marine life, including bass, mullet, and pollock. If the wind is blowing West or North West, beaches in this area can still have calm waters and fantastic spearfishing. Swanpool, Maenporth, Porthallow or Coverack are just some locations along this stretch which hold some giant Bass and Mullet alike!
Newquay: Offers rocky reefs and kelp forests teeming with fish, but is definitely a place for divers with plenty of experience and knowledge of waves and currents. Take extreme care with the weather conditions and swell forecast as the North coast is very exposed. Never go spearfishing in large swells as they make it not only dangerous but also pretty much impossible to dive. Check the surfline swell report for the area you intend to dive. However, the height of summer offers some spectacular diving when the swell drops off to nearly zero on some occasions, with some of the best visibility in the UK along with the chance of Triggerfish and Gilthead Bream which feed among the mussels on the surf beaches.
Lizard Peninsula: Nestled along the Lizard Peninsula are some of the most remote yet beautiful coves in the UK. Crystal-clear waters and a variety of fish species make this a favourite spot, with catches of record pollock waiting to be had! If planning to dive near the Lizard Point take extreme care of strong currents!
Portland Bill: Known for its deep waters and strong currents, it’s a great spot for experienced spearos.
Swanage: Offers easier access and a variety of fish species, suitable for beginners.
Chesil Beach: A famous spot for catching flatfish and bass.
3. Devon
Devon’s coastline features stunning kelp forests and clear waters:
Plymouth: Often regarded as one of the best places to go spearfishing in the UK. Home to numerous wrecks and reefs, ideal for exploring and hunting. Try Heybrook Bay, Bovisand or Portwrinkle for some epic shore dives.
Torbay: Offers sheltered bays with an abundance of fish and shellfish. Check out Meadfoot, or Ellbury for a shore dive. Take care of currents either side of the bay around Berry Head and Hopes Nose.
Exmouth: Known for its bass, bream and mullet populations. Budleigh Salterton is well known for producing some very large bass!
4. Scotland
Scotland’s rugged coastlines and clear waters are perfect for spearfishing:
Oban: Offers deep waters and a variety of fish, including some very large pollock and brown crab!
Isle of Skye: Crystal-clear waters and abundant marine life make this a top spot. Look out for giant skate on the seabed among the scallops and crabs.
Fins help you move efficiently through the water. Choose fins that are:
Long and flexible: These provide better propulsion and efficiency.
Comfortable: Ensure the foot pockets fit well to avoid blisters and discomfort. Always try fins on in a shop with neoprene socks to ensure the best fit.
A good mask and snorkel are essential for visibility and breathing while on the surface. Look for:
Low Volume Mask: Easier to equalize and provides a wider field of view.
Low volume flexible Snorkel: Low volume and flexible snorkels are essential for freediving and spearfishing, in contrast to a large bulky snorkel purely designed for snorkelling on the surface.
A stretchy weight belt helps you maintain neutral buoyancy, allowing you to dive and stay underwater more easily. Make sure to:
Adjust Weight: Depending on your body weight and wetsuit thickness. As a rule of thumb, use the same number of kilograms as the thickness of your suit. Ie, with a 7mm wetsuit, start with 7Kg.
Quick Release: Ensure the belt has a quick-release mechanism for safety. All belts sold at Start Point Spearfishing are quick release.
Spearfishing is an exhilarating underwater sport that combines the thrill of hunting with the serene beauty of the ocean. As a beginner, you’ll find spearfishing to be a challenging yet rewarding experience, offering a unique way to connect with nature and enjoy the marine environment. Unlike traditional fishing, spearfishing involves the use of a speargun or pole spear to catch fish, requiring both physical prowess and mental focus. This spearfishing for beginners guide will take you through the basics of spearfishing, from understanding what it entails to the best locations in the UK, and the essential equipment you’ll need to get started.
Spearfishing is the practice of hunting fish underwater using a speargun. This method of fishing has been around for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations who relied on it for sustenance. Today, it has evolved into a popular sport and recreational activity, attracting enthusiasts who seek both adventure and sustainability in their fishing practices.
Unlike angling, where you use a rod and bait to lure fish, spearfishing requires you to be in the water, holding your breath and diving to hunt your prey. This makes it a more immersive experience, as you become part of the marine ecosystem. It also necessitates a deep understanding of fish behaviour, marine environments, and safety protocols.
The Basics of Spearfishing
Safety First
Before diving into spearfishing, safety should be your top priority. Here are some fundamental safety tips:
Always Dive with a Buddy: Never go spearfishing alone. Having a partner can provide assistance in case of an emergency. Practising the one up, one down rule in spearfishing is crucial.
Know Your Limits: Don’t push yourself beyond your comfort zone, especially when it comes to breath-holding and diving depths. Increasing your depth and breathold should be a gradual process of development. Plus, often the best fish are in the shallowest water!
Check Local Regulations: Ensure you are aware of local fishing regulations and protected species. Search google for your local IFCA (Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority) to check rules and regulations regarding licences, protected species and minimum sizes.
Use a Float and Flag: This alerts boaters to your presence in the water, reducing the risk of accidents. Still, avoid areas which may be busy with boat traffic such as harbours or estuary mouths as some boat drivers may miss your dive flag.
Stay Hydrated and Rested: Physical fitness and hydration are crucial for safe and effective diving.
Understanding the Marine Environment
Successful spearfishing requires knowledge of the underwater environment and the behaviour of your target species. Spend time studying:
Tides and Currents: Understanding these can help you predict fish movements and ensure safer dives. Websites such as tides4fishing.com or apps such as navionics or i-boating can be extremely helpful in understanding the state of tide and currents. Researching tidal streams and examining tidal atlases can also be extremely helpful. Bear in mind that during spring tides, currents and movement on the bottom will be significant while on neap tides, currents will be lesser.
Weather Conditions: Good visibility and calm seas make for better spearfishing conditions. Understanding what the wind and waves are doing is crucial. Check out sites or apps like windy.com or surfline.com to predict the sea state before you go to the coast.
Spearfishing for Beginners Techniques and Tips
Practice Breath-Holding
Spearfishing requires you to hold your breath while diving. Practice breath-holding techniques such as:
Static Apnea: Holding your breath while lying still.
Dynamic Apnea: Holding your breath while swimming or walking.
Warning: Never do breath hold practice alone in case of blackout!!
Improve Your Swimming Skills
Strong swimming skills are essential for spearfishing. Work on:
Freediving Techniques: Learn proper freediving techniques to dive efficiently and safely. A freediving or spearfishing course can be a great help to establish correct finning and duck dive technique, for example.
Stamina and Endurance: Build your stamina to stay underwater longer. Running and cycling are both fantastic exercises to build up stamina.
Learn to Read the Water
Understanding the underwater environment and fish behaviour is crucial. Spend time:
Checking the wind, wave and swell forecast: Learn how this impacts the conditions at sea, and never go to sea in strong winds which make conditions dangerous!
Observing Fish: Learn their habits and preferred hiding spots.
Studying Tides and Currents: Predict fish movements and find the best spots to dive.
Spearfishing is a thrilling and immersive sport that offers a unique way to connect with the ocean. It is probably the most responsible fishing method resulting in no bycatch, no litter, no damage to the seabed, and being completely selective.
As a spearfisher, it’s important to practice ethical and sustainable fishing. This includes:
Avoiding Protected Species: Be aware of and avoid hunting endangered or protected species. For example, endangered fish such as skate, or protected species such as bluefin tuna. Also never take a berried lobster, which is a female lobster with eggs.
Minimizing Environmental Impact: Avoid damaging reefs and marine habitats. Always pick up rubbish on your dives, but take extreme care with fishing line and hooks.
Embark on your spearfishing journey in some of the UK’s best locations, from Cornwall’s clear waters to Scotland’s rugged coastlines. Remember to practice ethical and sustainable fishing to preserve the marine environment for future generations. Happy spearfishing!
References and Further Reading
For more detailed information on spearfishing techniques, regulations, and equipment, consider these resources: